Components of a Mortgage Loan Payment
Your mortgage payment (PITI) will reflect the following costs:
P: Principal is the amount applied to the outstanding balance of the loan. I: Interest is the amount of the charge for borrowing money. T: Taxes is 1/12th of the estimated annual real estate taxes on the home. I: Insurance is 1/12th of the annual homeowner's insurance premium.
This figure will include flood insurance and private mortgage insurance (PMI), if required.
You will most likely pay the taxes and insurance along with the principal and interest to the lender every month. In some cases, however, the lender may allow you the option to pay the taxes and insurance separately.
If the lender requires you to pay the taxes and insurance as part of your mortgage payment, the lender will open an escrow account to hold this money until the payments are due. Many people consider this convenient because they don't have to make separate payments. If you live in certain states, the escrow account will also earn interest.
Keep in mind that just because you qualify for that amount, it does not mean you can afford to be comfortable with those monthly payments. You need to consider your particular circumstances and your future financial needs and goals.
How can I calculate how much mortgage I can afford?
As a rule of thumb, many people estimate they are able to afford a mortgage of 2 or 2 1/2 times their household income. For example, if you annual income is $30,000, you might be able to afford a mortgage of $60,000 to $75,000:
$30,0000 X 2 = $60, 000
$30,000 X 2.5 = $75,000
What do lenders look at when deciding whether or not to finance a mortgage?
Lenders look at a debt-to-income (DTI) ratio when they consider your application for a mortgage loan. A DTI ratio is your monthly expenses compared to your monthly gross income.
Lenders consider monthly housing expenses as a percentage of income and total monthly debt as a percentage of income. Both ratios are important factors in determining whether the lender will make the loan.
What do lenders generally require?
Lenders usually require the PITI (principal, interest, taxes, and insurance), or your housing expenses, to be less than or equal to 25% to 28% of monthly gross income. Lenders call this the "front-end" ratio.
In other words, if your monthly gross income is $2,500 or $30,000 annually, your mortgage payment should be $700 or less.
$2,500 X 28% = $700 - maximum monthly housing costs
Lenders usually require housing expenses plus long-term debt to less than or equal to 33% or 36% of monthly gross income. Lenders call this the "back-end ratio." In other words, if your monthly gross income is $2, 500, the combination of your mortgage, $700, and other long-term debt should be no more than $900:
$2,500 X 36% = $900 - maximum total debt
If your debt-to-income exceeds these ratios, talk to your lender about your options.
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